• Themes
  • Fleet + stations
    • Ships
      • Research Vessel and Icebreaker Polarstern
        • Chronicle
      • New Polarstern
      • Heincke
      • Mya II
      • Uthörn
      • Aade
    • Stations
      • Neumayer Station III
        • Library in the Ice
      • AWIPEV Arctic Research Base
      • Kohnen Station
      • Marine Stations Helgoland and Sylt
        • User Advisory Board
        • Research Vessels and Scientific Diving
        • Measuring Systems and Data Flow
        • Long-term Observation
        • Guest Research and Education
          • Mesocosms
    • Aircraft
      • Polar 5 + 6
    • Cruise Planning
  • Science
    • Biosciences
      • Benthic Ecology
        • Our Team
        • News
        • Coral Reefs
        • Seal research in Antarctica
        • Bio-logging and satellite telemetrie (Antarctica)
        • Cyrobenthos (engl)
        • Molecular archives: Earth history and adaptations
        • Glass Sponges
          • SpongeScan
        • CRITTERBASE
        • Patagonian benthos
        • North Sea Benthos
          • ORCHESTRA
          • Benthos monitoring
          • Long-term series
        • Ecosystem Modelling
          • BEMO
          • CoastCarb
          • CoastalRunoff
        • Biogeochemical fluxes
          • APOC
          • DynaDeep
          • EXC Receiver
        • Rocky Shore Ecology
          • KELPRIME
          • OASIS
          • SeaKey
      • Integrative Ecophysiology
        • News
        • Main Research Focus
          • Trophodynamics
          • Biophysics (NMR)
          • Molecular physiology
          • Cell physiology
          • Physiology of early life stages
        • Team
      • Marine Biogeosciences
        • Research foci
        • Team
        • Tools
        • Publications
        • Projects
      • Sustainable Marine Bioeconomy
        • Aquaculture research
        • Bionic Lightweight Design
        • Marine Algal Ecology and Applications
          • Team
          • Projects
          • Outreach
        • Team
        • Latest news
      • Coastal Ecology
        • Working Groups
          • WG Open Research Technology
          • WG Coastal Geosciences
          • WG Ecosystem Analysis
          • WG Long-term Ecology
          • WG Coastal dynamics modelling
          • WG Community & Evolutionary Ecology
        • Team
        • 100 years of Wadden Sea Station
        • Wadden Sea Station
      • Shelf Sea System Ecology
        • Working Groups
          • Ecophisiology of invertebrates
          • Long-term observations (LTO)
          • Marine Aquaculture
          • Microbial Ecology
          • Food Web
          • Ecological restoration
        • Team
        • Teaching and Education
        • AWI Marine Station Helgoland
      • Ecological Chemistry
        • Research topics
          • Biological carbon pump
          • Species interactions
          • Chemical ecology
        • Labs & Competences
          • Antarctic phytoplankton ecology & biogeochemistry
          • Marine Chemistry
          • Biological effects of marine organisms
          • Eco-Evolutionary Genomics
          • Secondary Metabolites
        • Junior Research Group
        • Team
        • Projects
        • Expeditions
        • Tools
      • Polar Biological Oceanography
        • Projects and Young Investigator Groups
          • BICLOPS Biological Clocks in Pelagic Systems
          • INDIFUN-AI
        • Main Research Focus
          • BICLOPS - Biological clocks in pelagic Systems
          • Marine Chronobiology
          • Hustedt Diatom Study Centre
          • Applied and Environmental Microbiology
          • Ecophysiology of pelagic key species
          • Arctic Zooplankton
          • Molecular Biodiversity of Eukaryotic Microbes
          • Arctic plankton ecology and related sedimentary flux
        • Team
        • Teaching&Outreach
      • Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology
        • Team
        • Research
          • Food for the deep sea
          • Microbial communities in the deep sea
          • Higher life at the deep seafloor
          • Experimental work at the deep seafloor
        • Projects / Cooperations
          • EU-Projekte
          • HGF-Projects
          • ESFRI Projects
          • BMBF Projects
          • Further Projects
        • Technology
          • Biogeochemical Sensors
          • Pressure tank
          • Foto/Video Systems
          • Flying Drones
          • Free-falling Systems
          • Mobile pelagic Systems
          • Autonomous Underwater Vehicle SARI
          • Mobile benthic Systems
          • Autonomous Crawler NOMAD
          • Sediment Samplers
          • Moorings
          • Water Sampler
        • Observatories
          • LTER Observatory HAUSGARTEN
          • FRAM Ocean Observing System
        • Publications
        • Data
    • Geosciences
      • Geophysics
        • Research Focus
          • Formation of the Arctic Basin
          • North Atlantic Deepwater and its precursors
          • Gateways of the Southern Ocean
          • Transition from Cretaceous Greenhouse to Tertiary Icehouse
          • Development and dynamics of ice sheets
          • Large Igneous Provinces
          • Oceanic microseisms
          • Bathymetric compilations
          • Observatories, long-term measurements
        • Team
        • Methods and Tools
          • Bathymetry
          • Multibeam
          • High-resolution seismics
          • Sediment echosounder
          • Reflection seismology
          • Streamer
          • Refraction seismology
          • Seismic Sources
          • Passive Seismology
          • Ocean-bottom seismometer
          • _
          • Seismic land stations
          • Gravity Surveying
          • Gravimeters
          • Magnetic surveying
          • Magnetometers
          • Physical properties
          • MSCL
        • Expeditions
      • Glaciology
        • Main Research Focus
          • Field Glaciology
          • Mass balance studies
          • Ice Sheet Modelling
          • Remote sensing
        • Tools
          • IceCT
          • Ice core laboratories
          • Fabric Analyser
          • Remote Sensing
          • Microstructure Mapping
          • Numerical Modelling
          • Radar
          • Raman Spectroscopy
          • Seismics
          • Stable Isotope Facility
        • Education and Teaching
        • Team
          • Alumni
        • Field campaigns
        • Projects
        • Awards
        • Outreach
      • Permafrost Research
        • Research Focus
          • Permafrost Modelling
          • Permafrost Coasts
          • Energy and Waterfluxes
          • Permafrost Remote Sensing
          • Permafrost Biogeochemistry
          • Submarine Permafrost
          • Permafrost Archives
          • Permafrost Outreach
        • Team
        • Teaching and Education
        • Labs
        • Projects
          • ILLUQ
          • ThinIce
          • MOMENT
          • FLO CHAR
          • HEIBRiDS
          • Common Grounds – Permafrost Sonification
          • Permafrost Thaw
          • Yedoma Permafrost Landscapes
          • UndercoverEisAgenten
          • CACOON
          • MOSES
          • Nunataryuk
          • ACD
          • GTN-P
          • Lake E
        • Conferences
          • DACH Permafrost Conference
          • ICOP 2016
          • EUCOP II 2005
          • ICRSS
          • International Symposium 20 Years of Lena Expeditions
      • Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems
        • Earth System Complexity
        • Past Climate Change
        • High-latitude Vegetation Change
          • Pouplation Genetics
          • Model development
          • Remote Sensing Methods
          • Vegetation Surveys
          • Longterm timeseries
        • High-latitude Biodiversity
        • Earth System Diagnostics
          • Team
          • Projects [en]
          • Newest Research Highlights
          • Past Highlights