exacerbate
Americanverb (used with object)
-
exacerbates,
present (3rd person singular)
-
exacerbated,
past participle, past
-
exacerbating
present participle
verb
-
to make (pain, disease, emotion, etc) more intense; aggravate
-
to exasperate or irritate (a person)
Other Word Forms
Derived Forms
Inflected Forms
Participles
Conjugated Forms
Present
-
exacerbatesimple
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exacerbatessimple
-
have exacerbatedperfect
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has exacerbatedperfect
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am exacerbatingprogressive
-
are exacerbatingprogressive
-
is exacerbatingprogressive
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have been exacerbatingperfect progressive
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has been exacerbatingperfect progressive
Past
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exacerbatedsimple
-
had exacerbatedperfect
-
was exacerbatingprogressive
-
were exacerbatingprogressive
-
had been exacerbatingperfect progressive
Future
Etymology
Origin of exacerbate
First recorded in 1650–60; from Latin exacerbātus (past participle of exacerbāre “to exasperate, provoke”), equivalent to ex- ex- 1 + acerbātus acerbate
Compare meaning
How does exacerbate compare to similar and commonly confused words? Explore the most common comparisons:
Explanation
For a formal-sounding verb that means to make worse, try exacerbate. If you're in trouble, complaining about it will only exacerbate the problem. Exacerbate is related to the adjective acrid, often used to describe sharp-smelling smoke. Think of exacerbate then as a sharp or bitter thing that makes something worse. A drought will exacerbate a country's food shortage. Worsen, intensify, aggravate and compound are similar, but exacerbate has the sense of an irritant being added in to make something bad even worse.
Vocabulary lists containing exacerbate
Grade 9, List 1
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300 Most Difficult "SAT" Words
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Essential Academic Vocabulary for High School Students, List 2
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Example Sentences
Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com.
See Examples For:
LaTanya Walker considered ordering abortion pills for her niece, she said, but she ultimately did not because she worried about whether they could exacerbate medical conditions.
From Salon ● Sep. 17, 2026
The planet's water cycle is becoming increasingly erratic, swinging between too little and too much, the United Nations warned Thursday, with an unprecedented El Nino expected to exacerbate the long-term trend.
From Barron's ● Sep. 17, 2026
Bumblebee Conservation Trust raised concerns that 2026 may exacerbate a declining trend in bumblebee populations as flowers wither and bees fail to forage effectively.
From Science Daily ● Sep. 11, 2026
The arrival of the Kelvin wave in the coming weeks could exacerbate marine ecosystem impacts already being strained by the ongoing marine heat wave that isn’t related to El Niño, Amaya said.
From Los Angeles Times ● Sep. 10, 2026
Zeitoun knew not to exacerbate the situation, and assumed that when they were interviewed by a superior, everything would be explained.
From "Zeitoun" by Dave Eggers
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“It also exacerbates the pressures facing America’s electric grid by forcing critical existing power plants into early retirement and severely restricting the operation of new natural gas plants,” Matheson said.
From The Wall Street Journal ● Sep. 14, 2026
This in turn exacerbates dangers such as flooding.
From BBC ● Aug. 27, 2026
"That does nothing to resolve conflict; science shows it only exacerbates the conflict."
From Barron's ● Aug. 21, 2026
Tech companies are borrowing money to fund the development of advanced A.I. systems, for instance, which exacerbates the bond sell-off because investors think A.I.-powered economic growth will keep interest rates higher for longer.
From Slate ● Aug. 20, 2026
Greg thinks he helps on busy nights, but really, he only exacerbates the problem.
From "Please Ignore Vera Dietz" by A.S. King
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McKinley stages a few bullet-sweating sequences of peril, including a particularly brutal transport of gold bars across a crumbling rope bridge and an underwater accident exacerbated by floating logs.
From Los Angeles Times ● Sep. 18, 2026
Who ever heard of a major movie studio throwing $75 million at a follow-up that serves no purpose other than capitalizing on learned nostalgia, exacerbated by social media clip farming and seasonal wistfulness?
From Salon ● Sep. 14, 2026
She says the state of the building only exacerbated her health issues.
From BBC ● Sep. 4, 2026
That would mark a second consecutive month in contraction territory, as heavy summer rains exacerbated a seasonal slowdown in manufacturing.
From The Wall Street Journal ● Aug. 28, 2026
But maybe his fatigue is exacerbated by the potassium iodide he's taking.
From "Vincent and Theo: The Van Gogh Brothers" by Deborah Heiligman
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"The strong El Niño is making the dry season drier over the fire-prone parts of the country and exacerbating burning -- just as we anticipated it would," he said.
From Science Daily ● Sep. 6, 2026
Major markets may be taking their signal from U.S. bonds, but credibility gaps in Europe are exacerbating the moves, they added.
From MarketWatch ● Sep. 1, 2026
Climate change is expected to continue exacerbating cases in the years to come, warned Matt Willis, an epidemiologist and former former Marin County public health officer.
From Los Angeles Times ● Aug. 21, 2026
Software stocks that Situational had bet against, including Adobe, AppLovin and Figma, started to rally, exacerbating losses, people familiar with the situation said.
From The Wall Street Journal ● Aug. 17, 2026
One of the fluorescent lights had started flickering halfway through class, exacerbating the pain, and Moss was eager to dart over to his locker and get his medication.
From "Anger Is a Gift" by Mark Oshiro
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Definitions and idiom definitions from Dictionary.com Unabridged, based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2023
Idioms from The American Heritage® Idioms Dictionary copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.